Achieving Financial Independence Essay Sample free essay sample

As the Fourth of July ought to remind every one of us. independency is something meriting fighting for. Freedom implies the capacity to do your ain conclusions and live the way you decide to populate. With regards to monetary independency. however. numerous individuals trust it is simply a fantasy. There is no supreme definition for financial independency. The most well-known feeling of the term is that individual has sufficient riches to populate as they wish for an amazing rest without holding to work. This is a stunned definition. despite the fact that †isn’t picking a stock â€Å"work† ? Shouldn't something be said about individuals who own a worry and are non associated with day by day exercises. yet at the same time step in for significant conclusions? Here’s an alternate definition †monetary independency ought to plan the capacity to populate pretty much as one needs to. inside reasonable limits. It might non expect the supreme opportunity to nee r work another twenty-four hours again. be that as it may, it might expect the capacity to stop an awful occupation. make a trip back to class or get down another worry without significant relinquish. In like manner. monetary independency ought to expect the capacity to cover with life’s good and bad times without stinting. giving or going into obligation. It is hard to battle for independency without Alliess. Monetarily talking. that implies resources that work for their owners and lose hard money. An investment funds history or Cadmium is a really essential delineation. however, an arrangement of profit paying stocks or an arrangement of bonds ( or bond financess ) can work a similar capacity. Without Alliess. greater organizations and companies couldn’t have gotten about each piece far as they have today. This is the reason it’s of import to work with different financial specialists so as to hold the monetary capacity to do greater investings without giving possibilities only on the grounds that you didn’t have sufficient cash. Rental belongingss can lose great totals of hard money stream non just paying for themselves. be that as it may, losing hard money well beyond that. Essayists. instrumentalists and pioneers can other than see eminences as since quite a while ago run. in the event that non belly to-tomb. beginnings of pay that require little additional endeavor. Last and non least. responsibility for concern can without a doubt spin off significant wholes of hard money stream. regardless of whether the owner is non straight engaged with day by day heading. For turning over engines. a cautious spending plan is of import. To do the greater part of each penny it is basic to cognize where each penny goes. what's more, it isn’t conceivable to plug up spills without happening them premier. There is plentifulness of planning guidance out at that place. yet, perhaps the greatest keys is to build in an exigency finance. let some cheerfulness discretional payment and do rescuing an implicit disbursal each recognize all of import as lease or supplement. When a spending plan is in topographic point. reducing expenses and boosting retirement funds can take precedency. Nearly everyone spends more than they have to and a little cautious thought can regularly turn up evitable ( or reducible ) disbursals. Rescuing $ 50 a month is non heading out to do anyone a tycoon ( except if they can hold tight for their 1. 667th birthday celebration ) . be that as it may, each abundance dollar fortunately contributed can increase the estimation of that overabundance $ 50 many occasions over. â€Å"We simply need the upsides of monetary security and a higher basis of life. † ( Akst pg. 345 ) Financial independency is everything except unimaginable without taking a few perils. The key here is â€Å"smart† peril †puting $ 100. 000 out of a risky biotech trusting to procure a 10-bagger is non a brilliant danger. it’s gaming. However, making a bunch of research and passing $ 100. 000 on a rental things in an appealing region is non about as unsafe. nor is get bringing down a worry dependent on an attractive achievement and an existent want to make something other than what's expected than the opposition. Figure is conceived cognizing anything about the securities exchange or rental belongingss. what's more, the vast majority do non hold a parent or shrewd man to larn from at a youthful age. Then again. a great many people learn by exploring. perusing. furthermore, turn overing up their arms and obtaining their guardianships filthy. That methodology neer finishes. There is always to larn. non simply about puting however about explicit investings as great. In like manner. monetary independency requires a lifetime committedness to continuous contributing. Financial independency is non only a method of rescuing some cash. puting that cash and naming it a twenty-four hours. Then again. the individuals who migh t be monetarily autonomous must be on the sentinel for new possibilities and insight approaches to do the greater part of their well deserved capital. All things considered. the financial estimation of opportunity is imperishable watchfulness. Autonomy does non come simply in light of the fact that individuals request it. nor on the grounds that individual chooses they need it. It is of import to take that first gauge and do an affirmation of what you need. why you need it and what you are set up to make to get it. Choose what financial independency intends to you. When those judgments are in topographic point. concoct a reasonable program that plots what you need. what you need. what you have today. what's more, what you can make to go towards independency ( this incorporates the planning. cost-cutting and contributing projects ) . Last and non least. adhere to that program and keep up the end in sight. Monetary independency is non simple. be that as it may, it is non unimaginable for the individuals who are eager to demo some creativity and put mature ages of troublesome work into the technique.

Dinner with Life free essay sample

Here and there the significance of youth gets away from me. In the event that youth is an everlasting play area, a spot that destroys authenticity and grasps sentimentalism, at that point I share no association with it. I discovered that my reality would never resemble Alice in Wonderland; there is nothing of the sort as tossing alert into the air and meandering into the obscure to come back with my blamelessness unblemished. Some accept that one’s youth reaches a conclusion when the individual in question is acquainted with Death; incidentally, my youth finished when I encountered Life. Since I have met Death, I am good friends with Life. Demise snuck up on me when I was just five years of age. He moved toward me submerged and almost got hold of me yet I battled him with my entire being. At last, it struck me that this fight was not one I could battle alone, I wildly glanced around to check whether anybody could offer me a hand. We will compose a custom exposition test on Supper with Life or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Out of nowhere, I understood that nobody saw me. I was distant from everyone else. I surrendered. My quality was agonizingly getting past me, and as my eyelids gradually brought down, I became inner voice of the way that I was going to pass on. In any case, seconds before Death had the option to have me, Life (as my sister Charline) got a handle on my hand and pulled me to the surface. It was at that point, while I was urgently wheezing for the breath of Life, that my guiltlessness surrendered me. The time had come to leave the play area and quit relaxing in my naivety. Before about suffocating, I was only sharing a feast and a couple of beverages with Life, as though I would see it again the following day. After that episode I understood the amount of an extravagance Life was. The vast majority get welcomed just a single time to eat with Life. For some impossible to miss reason I was given another greeting, and this time, I needed to entertain myself. I guaranteed myself three things: to never abandon myself, to welcome each breath I breathe in, and to be downright incredible. I calculated the most ideal approach to better myself was to better the ones around me, I began chipping in at an appetite alleviation association. Each Wednesday throughout the late spring, subsequent to getting a ten-minute talk on the best way to appropriately wash my hands, I apportioned and bundled food to be conveyed to the debilitated and the shut-in. Albeit getting up early required stopped recouping my occasionally nonexistent public activity, the appreciation I picked up in return for that penance that lowers me. I felt appreciation towards the staff for doing this kind of work for incalculable years and for consoling me with a light pat on the shoulder when I committed awkward errors. I felt thankful for each second I spent creation a distinction in somebody else’s life, in light of the fact that as mushy as it sounds, it caused my life to feel progressively significant. Regardless of the entirety of this, I realize I have more exercises left to learn. It is therefore that I don't just stroll forward. With Life close by, I run. On the off chance that I should abandon a couple of individuals in my quest for significance, at that point it won't be futile. On the off chance that on my excursion to progress, I experience a separated street, at that point as Robert Frost once composed, I will take â€Å"the one less voyaged by.† With my insight as my blade, and my confidence as my shield, I am prepared to overcome anything. In the event that I have just gotten away from Death, at that point what else remains?

Business Essays - Business Plan Education - Free Essay Example

Business Plan Education Literature Review for Integrative Project Abstract Starting a business can be difficult. However, with the right knowledge and help, a successful business can start and operate indefinitely. This literature review will discuss have to prepare a successful business plan, solicit grant funding and start a non-profit minority organization that reflects teaching character education along with academics to help build good character and social responsibility for some disadvantaged children. Introduction Every day and everywhere there are different cultures. This is not going to change. A lot of times when we use the word culture people think we are speaking only about color or race. However, culture includes race, class, gender, groups and a number of other things. So even if we are not dealing with race, we may have to deal with a gender or a particular class of people; and camp goers are definitely a different class of kids. As children experience things in their young lives they develop different outlooks on the world and flock to certain groups and classes. However, if children have a variety of experiences with a variety of resources they become versatile and can be comfortable in any group or class. (Riehl, 1993). Certain philosophies should be used when teaching students about culture and bias so that they are able to see or hear through the media and other forms of uncontrolled avenues and continue to have little or no self-esteem issues. GLAMrsqu o;R Housersquo;s business plan depicts the educational need of cultural, academics, morality and social responsibility in minorities, which certainly include most ethnic groups. Its claim is to educate these groups in social development and other areas that will affect them in the future. During my research there were other camps that catered to minorities along with academics and other activities. However, the one that stuck out in my mind was Camp Atwater. This camp has been in existence since 1921. The camp offers a residential camp experience within an Afro centric framework. Their said goal of this camp is to create an experience that will assist in the development of positive values in youth (https://www.campatwater.org/). Even though some people believe that camps are just for fun or, are just a summer divergent for children whose parents can afford to send them away; it is not! Nonetheless, camps help children identify themselves. Theme One: The Business Plan In order to start a new business, you must have a plan. There are government agencies that will assist new minority business owners who have a concrete plan to start a perspective business. Some of government agencies only focus on new entrepreneurs as they help them promote growth and competition publicly and privately while others focus on established progressive businesses (https://nvn-toolkit.seedco.org/). The Minority Business Development Agency and the Small Business Association is a couple of the government agencies who help potential business owners with funds and other information that they may need in order to create a competent business plan. These agencies can explain the importance of maintaining a successful plan which keeps new business owners abreast of their competition, products in demand, statistics that affect particular businesses and target market (www.mbda.gov). Agencies like these have websites available to assist in offering information that promotes inve stigative techniques necessary for preparation of a business plans. Once a good business plan is prepared, if the potential entrepreneur does not have all the funds, a grant is the next reasonable resource. (https://www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/plan/writeabusinessplan). Depending on what type of business you want to launch, depends on the type of grant you seek. Since opening a residential summer camp is the business that is being sought, relevant grants could be located in the educational programs funding arena (https://exchanges.state.gov/education/RFGPs/menu.htm). Because most first time entrepreneurs are not familiar with seeking information on grant funding, nor are they familiar with insider help, there are books and software programs that can be purchased that explains essential rules, obstacles, and opportunities that entrepreneurs face early in their business life cycle (Kanu, June 2008). In addition, some websites get you caught up in purchasing fraudulent materi als and software programs that claim to help find grant funding, when all they do is sell software and make you commit to memberships with a monthly fees of about $19.99 which does not help you in the way that you need (*****************) However, you have to make sure that each websites that you research is valid and legitimate. Make sure when you do research, these websites lay out a complete description of exactly what they do; who qualifies for funds, and the description on how to use the grant. Theme Two: Grant Funding Once you have completed a business plan and determined that you will need funding to launch your business. There are numerous steps required to request grant money that must be followed precisely; such as letters of intent, applications, certain research information, demographic information, and need and demand summaries (https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide). Since GLAMrsquo;R Housersquo;s business plan requires the purchase of a facility the Federal Register of the Department of Housing and Urban Development is a good source to use in finding an affordable facility. Meeting compliances with HUD is very strict. Applications are only done electronically; they are examined with a fine-tooth comb and if any of the required steps are not met, this agency may reject the application until the discrepancies are corrected (Fed. Reg. 2008). Along with the request for particular grants there are certain formatting requirements that must be followed to get the grant reviewed and approved. If the formatting of these sensitive documents is prepared improperly, your grant may not be denied. GLAMrsquo;R House is described as unique in its character whereby it is claiming to offer tuition assistance for disadvantaged, low income minority youths which will help them develop in comprehensive activities, high academics, self-discipline, critical thinking, transformative learning, self-motivation, socially, morally and ethical in their founda tion for their future. Statistical views regarding the number of students who attend summer camps, summer activities, day camps, summer schools, etcetera, are documented in the chart below. Summer Camp Percentages Length of the average summer vacation in U.S. schools 9-11 weeks Length of the average American vacation for working adults (in 1999) 3-8 days Percentage of six-to-twelve-year-old children who regularly spend time in summer programs 24% Percentage of children who are in summer school 6% Proportion of children who are regularly in the care of relatives during the summer 1/3 Percentage of children who are regularly in family childcare during the summer 6% Percentage of children who are regularly in the care of a nanny or baby-sitter during the summer 8% Percentage of children under 13 who are regularly without adult supervision during the summer: 11% Percentage of higher-income children who are regularly without adult supervision during the summer: 15% Number of day and resident summer camps in the U.S.: 12,000 Costs for Day camps $100 $275 Percentage of summer camps that are sleep-away camps 60% Average weekly fee for sleep away camps $325-$780 Number of children that attend camp each year 6 million Average fees for children attending day camps $100 $275 Percentage of camps that offer financial assistance to children in need: 90% Percentage of children who visit a library at some point during their summer after kindergarten/a 64.8% A state national park: 55.1% A museum 38.9% A zoo, an aquarium or a petting farm 61.2% A historical site 39.9% A vacation spot 75.2% After reviewing this chart on https://www.babble.com/sectionhomepages/features/, website it clearly does not give a report on the type of impact summer activities and camps have on children throughout their lifetime; nor does it confirm if these kids viewed themselves in another way after summer vacations, etc. The chart does not determine whether these kids are upper, middle or lower class, disadvantaged or even if the any of these summer experiences changed their lives tremendously.

The Relationship Between Executive Compensation and Firm...

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION AND FIRM PERFORMANCE IN KENYAN BANKING INDUSTRY Dr. Josiah Aduda, jaduda@uonbi.ac.ke, Lecturer and chairman, department of Finance and Accounting, School of Business, University of Nairobi, Kenya and Leonard Musyoka, University of Nairobi Abstract Economic theory of executive pay has focused on the design of optimal compensation schemes to align the interests of hired managers and shareholders. Agency theory has identified several factors by which these interests may differ; including the level of effort exerted by the manager and problems resulting from the unobservabilty of the agent’s relevant skills. The design of optimal compensation contracts essentially†¦show more content†¦For decades accounting measures have been used as primary indicators of managerial performance with prior research documenting a significant relation between accounting based performance and executive compensation (Antle and Smith, 1986, Ittner, et al., 1997). Moreover, both the annual cash bonus and the sum of the cash bonus plus stock based compensation have been linked to accounting based performance as well as numerous other attributes of the firm’s governance structure (Core, et al., 1999). The compensation aspect suggests that most annual cash bonus plans for key executive officers are based in large part on accounting performance measures (Ittner, et al., 1997). There is also some relation between accounting performance and stock based compensation in many firms since the pool of stock options or stock awards to be distributed each year is often based on annual accounting performance measures. There is a high degree of correlation in the total annual inceptive pay amongst the top executives in each firm, and it is commonly assumed that what is observed for the CEO is representative of the incentive pay for the entire top management team for most entities (Antle Smith, 1986; Gore, et al., 2003; Ittner, et al., 1997). Accounting and finance has also extensively been debated on as to whether accounting information should be used to measure managerial performance (Bushman and Indjejikian, 1993; Kim and Suh, 1993;Show MoreRelatedRole of Cultural Factors in Shaping Human R esource Management6912 Words   |  28 Pageslooked into the issues related to how culture plays a role in shaping key Human Resource(HR) practices such as: compensation policy, job security, training and development, selection and recruitment, decentralization and teamwork, and information sharing in the South Asian context. In this paper, Hosftede’s (1980) culture dimensions are used as a lens to explore the relationship between critical HR practices and Bangladeshi employees. Identification of these critical practices should help theRead MoreEffects of Retention Strategies on Employee Turnover8857 Words   |  36 PagesIf there are images in this attachment, they will not be displayed. Download the original attachment RESEARCH PROPOSAL THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL RETENTION STRATEGIES ON EMPLOYEE TURNOVER (A Case Study of the Kenyan Courts-Mombasa Law Courts) PRESENTED BY NAME: SUPERVISED BY: DATE PRESENTED: ABSTRACT This paper presents some of the existing institutionalRead MoreThe Effects of Ownership Structure, Board Effectiveness and Managerial Discretion on Performance of Listed Companies in Kenya27922 Words   |  112 PagesTHE EFFECTS OF OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE, BOARD EFFECTIVENESS AND MANAGERIAL DISCRETION ON PERFORMANCE OF LISTED COMPANIES IN KENYA ONGORE, VINCENT OKOTH Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph D) in Business Administration, School of Business, University of Nairobi, Kenya. 2008. 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For our project paper, we have focus on services and plantation industries and comparedRead MoreAn Investigation Into Effectiveness of Performance Appraisal Tools11338 Words   |  46 PagesAN INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL TOOLS USED ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: (A CASE OF KENYA ANTI CORRUPTION COMMISSION) BY: RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR AWARD OF A DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF BUSINESS AND OFFICE MANAGEMENT OF JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULUTURE AND TECHNOLOGY MAY 2008 DECLARATION This research proposal is my original work and has not been presented in any universityRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pagesthe essays to demonstrate different aspects of your intellectual, emotional, and moral fiber. For instance, if you choose to prove your ability as a competent project manager in one essay, you may wish to discuss a more personal issue like your relationship with your parents or partner in the  ·next., Reach inside yourself for examples of strength, confidence, and accomplishment. In the end, your fundamental objective is to prove that you are greater than the sum of your individual application partsRead MoreImplication of Oil and Gas Investment in Ghana15418 Words   |  62 Pagesgold†, fuels the global economy. Oil converted into gas, petrol and diesel fuels our various modes of transportation that allows for the movement of goods and people around the globe. Due to the enormous fi nancial resources that can accrue from this industry, the discovery of oil in any location, particularly developing countries, is greeted with great optimism. Such was the case in the golden jubilee year of Ghana’s independence when oil was discovered in commercial quantities in the Western Region

Features of Post Colonialism and Its Application on Four...

TERM PAPER Novel What is post colonialism?What are dominant features of post colonialism?Apply post-colonial theory on four novels Features of Post-colonial theory Application of post-colonial theory on four Post-colonial novels Abstract The aim of author is to correctly explore the definition of Postcolonial. The prominent features of post-colonial novel are explained in the next part of this assignment. Then four novels of postcolonial era are selected to apply the post-colonial theory on them. It is tried to explain these post-colonial novel in the light of postulates of post-colonial theory.Generally the term postcolonial stands for the period at the end of colonialism. It was the time†¦show more content†¦Surely, the reevaluation of national identity is an eventual and essential result of a country gaining independence from a colonial power, or a country emerging from a fledgling settler colony. It is a big undertaking for an author to claim to be a representative of entire identity and to convey postcolonial message. Each nation, province, island, state, neighborhood and individual has its own unique amalgamation of history, culture, language and tradition. Only by understanding and embracing the idea of cultural hybridity when attempting to explore the concept of national identity can any one individual, or nation, truly hope to understand or communicate the lasting effects of the colonial process. Displacement or dislocation is another key feature of post colonialism and it means displacement that occupation and other experiences linked with this process. At that time this feature of displacement was seen at large. People were leaving their homes to settle in colonies. The transportation of slaves also comes under the cover of this term. It may be a willing or unwilling displacement. Invasion and settlement is also a form of dislocation. The effects of displacement for the people who have been placed in a location, because of colonial hegemonic practices need to be reinvented in language, in narrative and in myth. This term stands for unhousedness or uncanniness. This process of displacement is disruptive and disorienting but itShow MoreRelatedEssay on Like water for chocolate6961 Words   |  28 Pagesrealistic laws of cause and effect are suspended: whereas events in realistic novels occur for reasons that are eventually made clear and lead logically to the conclusion of the plot, in magical realism events don’t follow these â€Å"normal† expectations so we often see things happening without an explanation and or reasons we can’t or don’t expect—we are left to accept even the strange without surprise. In realistic novels, characters are given individualized names, personalities, and family historiesRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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The emergence of Rasta during that period corresponds with so much that was happening around the world. Rastas could tell that social unrest in Jamaica was going to lead to a movement away from colonial rule and, having heard Marcus Garvey speak of the importance of Africa to black people in the New World, found in his remarkableRead MoreLenin13422 Words   |  54 PagesFilm * 11.2 Television * 12 See also * 13 References * 13.1 Footnotes * 13.2 Bibliography * 14 Further reading * 15 External links * 15.1 Selected works Early life Childhood: 1870–1887 Volodya, aged four. Lenin s father, Ilya Nikolayevich Ulyanov, was the fourth child of impoverished tailor Nikolai Vassilievich Ulyanov (born a serf); and a far younger woman named Anna Alexeevna Smirnova, who lived in Astrakhan. Ilya escaped poverty by studying physicsRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesHow should we understand the organization? Jan Ole Similà ¤, Assistant Professor, Nord-Trà ¸ndelag University College, Norway I really enjoyed this new text and I am sure my students will enjoy it, too. It combines rigorous theoretical argument with application and consideration of how managment practice is formed and shaped by ideas and concepts. The authors have brought their wealth of experience and understanding and provided the field with an imaginative resource to address the dynamics between theoryRead MoreThe Rise of China and Future of the West17670 Words   |  71 Pagesof these developments, they predict, will be tension, distrust, and conflict, the typical feature s of a power transition. In this view, the drama of Chinas rise will feature an increasingly powerful China and a declining United States locked in an epic battle over the rules and leadership of the international system. And as the worlds largest country emerges not from within but outside the established post-World War II international order, it is a drama that will end with the grand ascendance of

Associated Systems Computer Program Product -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Associated Systems Computer Program Product? Answer: Introducation From the situation provided it can be said that Berowra Accountants are providing a guarantee of the tax refund to their clients via special advertising ways. In this case, it is worthwhile to know the basic concept of tax refund. To explain tax refund, it can be said that it is the difference between the paid tax and the owed tax. To determine whether a business organization will receive a tax refund or not is totally dependent on the factors like the profit, income and the expenses regarding tax of the concerned business operations. It will not be possible for the auditors to ensure a tax refund (Galit and Metaban 2012). Apart from that the major responsibility of the auditors are to scrutinize the financial accounting of the business organizations to identify the material misstatement and also to check the compliances. Thus it can be said that it would be definitely a non-audit service in case of tax refund. Due to this reason as per APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accoun tants, Section 130, the act of Berowra Accountants has broke the principle of Professional Competence and Due Care (Han Fan, Woodbine and Cheng 2013). According to this act, an auditor can retain their clients by getting to know the limitations of the professions and in this case the accountants of Berowra have not been able to do so. As per the case study provided, Jamie Harvey, who is an auditor of a charter accounting firm is been asked to take up the role of the treasurer of a local club and Harvey only does audit of large public organizations. it should be mentioned that the athletic clubs are considered to be non-profit-organizations. As per APES 110 Professional Appointment, Section 210, while accepting an appointment of a new client, the auditors should determine whether the acceptance of the appointment would affect the compliance of the basic ethical principles of audit. In this case, if the proposal of becoming the treasurer gets accepted by the auditor, there would not be any breach of principles due to some reasons (Ottaway 2014). The reasons are Harvey is the auditor of a large public concern and there is no relation between the operations of a large business organization and local clubs. Another reason is that no basic ethical principle will be affected in case of appointment in the organizations wh ich are of non-profit category (Kuan 2014). These are the reasons that ensure that there will be no issues which are ethical. In the case provided, there is a situation mentioned where the payment of the auditor, which is payable Accountants is immensely dependent audit opinion that should be appropriate to the audit client Monlec Ltd. It explains that Monlec Ltd is asking for a favorable audit report from the auditors. In this regard, it is worthwhile to mention that the auditors are the representatives of investors and the stakeholders; not the organizations. As per APES 110 Principle of Objectivity, Section 120, the auditors should not conciliate their professional and business judgment for any type of biasness, influence or any conflict of interest (Athanasiou 2014). It explains that the judgment of the auditors must not be manipulated by any types of biasness or influence. As per the situation provided, if the audit report provided by the auditor is favorable for Monlec Ltd, there will be a breach of objectivity principle of auditing. There shall not be any violation of ethical principles of auditing i f the auditors does not provide an opinion that is biased (Trung 2015). In the case provided, it is evident that Winton Accountants has provided all the papers and reports of Motoring services to the Chadwick Chartered Accountants. Chadwick Chartered accountants have the job of reviewing the quality o audit if the Winton Accountants. This situation shows that the Chadwick Chartered Accountants have to carry out various processes and tests to check the Winton accountants quality of auditing. As per APES 110 Principles of Confidentiality, Section 140, the auditors have professional obligations to sustain the confidentiality of the acquired information regarding the auditing clients. It shows that the auditor should not disclose the information previously acquired regarding the audit clients to any third party. According to the situation provided, it is seen that Winton Accountants have unveiled all important data and information regarding Motoring Services to Chadwick Chartered Accountants by providing them with all the audit papers (Carey, Monroe and Shai ler 2014). Thus in this particular case, Winton Accountants have violated the principles of the confidentiality regarding auditing with their specified actions. From the case study provided, it can be seen that the Thornleigh Accountants have sent Jane Davis to replace Leona Ng in order to complete the audit work of Jenkins Ltd because of the illness of Leona. The situation is that the management of Thornleigh Accountants are inclined to take Jane Davis in the audit team of the organization in order to conduct the audit works of Jenkins Ltd from the middle of July. This situation enhances the threat of interdependence of audit for Thornleigh Accountants. As per APES 110, Self-review Threat, Section 100.12, a member of an audit team should not possess the right to use the outcomes of the judgment of previous audit made by any other members of the same audit team. Apart from that, it also explains that the outcomes of previous judgments of audit by any member of the same team cannot be used. A same principle is also applicable for the Thornleigh Accountants because the organization is making plans to use the judgment of audit done by Jane Davi s as she has been the accounts manager of Jenkins Ltd and possesses the knowledge regarding the accounts of the business organization (DeFond and Zhang 2014). Hence, it can be said that the self-review threat of the independence of the auditors shall be raised in the case Thornleigh Accountants involving Jane Davis in the audit team. According to the situation provided, it can be said that John Darrow is accountable to conduct the operations of audit of Winmalee Ltd. Winmalee Ltd has provided all the accounting papers including computer files and accounting standards to John to support their intangible assets valuation. In this regard it is necessary to mention that that it should be the responsibility of the auditors to attain conclusive evidences by scrutinizing various types of financial accounts of the audit clients and the auditors should not consider any papers provided to them by the audit client. According to the situation provided, the auditors can feel pressurized by the audit client to agree with the audit clients judgment. Apart from that, by providing the papers Winmalee Ltd can definitely indirectly pressurize John to give favorable audit report to them. Therefore, according to APES 110, Section 200.8, the specified situation can definitely create Intimidation Threat to the independence of the audit ors (Ojo 2013). In accordance to the case study provided, it can be said that the chocolate company has invited the auditors to stop over the second chocolate show and also the organization invited the auditors to the social club of the business organization. In this context, it sould be mentioned that the auditors should not involve any types of entertaining activities with the audit clients. As per APES 110, Self-interest Threat, Section 100.12, there should be a threat to the independence of the auditors in case of any types of nonfinancial or financial interest of the influence of the auditors regarding their opinion on the audit. In the case study, it can be noticed that the chocolate company might be trying to manipulate the auditors by inviting them in entertaining activities with a strong motive of manipulating the outcomes of the audit (Deumes et al. 2012). Therefore it can be said that if the auditors choose to accept the invitation of the management of the chocolate company, they shall fa ll under the self-interest threat of the independence of the auditor. The chief responsibility of the auditors are to scrutinize th financial statements of the business organizations to make sure that the financial statements of the organizations are free from all types of material misstatements and they are prepared by complying with all major regulations. Apart from that, the auditors should not make comments on the financial position of any organization without seeing any fraudulent activities. In the case of Connor organization, it is seen that the organization is dependent on the bank overdraft to pay off their debts. Subsequently the bank wants the repayment of the sum within 1 month. It explains the weak financial condition of the organization and the auditor has not faced any types of material misstatement regarding the financial statement of Connor Company. This explains that the organization did not edit their financial statements to hide their financial condition. Hence the auditor should issue Unqualified Audit Opinion for Connor Company (T sipouridou and Spathis 2014) It should be the responsibility of the organizations to present their financial statements depending on the accounting principle standards. Apart from that, they should comply with the regulations of accounting of the country where they are operating. In the case study that is provided, it is seen that the organization should follow FIFO method for the valuation of inventory, but currently they are using LIFO method because their parent company back in United States use that method. Thus the differential effect between FIFO and LIFO has majorly affected the valuation of inventory making a material misstatement. Thus, in this case, the auditor has the rights to issue adverse opinion. As apart there are no discrepancies in any financial statement, there should not be any compliance issues. In this case, the auditor can issue Qualified Audit Option, where the auditor can add a paragraph highlighting the reason behind the report being unqualified (Rahimian, Tavakolnia and Karamlou 2014). The business organizations should do valuation of the fixed assets like machinery, building, plant and others on a regular basis because of the changing market price. For Victorian Manufacturing Company, it can be seen that they have not done the valuation of their Melbourne factory for the last five years as the directors of the organization thought that there are no changes in the market valuation. This can create major material misstatement. Thus while auditing the auditors will not be able to give accurate audit opinions and can issue Disclaimer of Opinion (Kachelmeier, Schmidt and Valentine 2016). References Athanasiou, A., 2014. Avoiding client persuasion.Taxation in Australia,48(10), p.601. Athanasiou, A., 2014. Boy, you're gonna carry that weight a long time!.Taxation in Australia,49(2), p.106. Carey, P.J., Monroe, G.S. and Shailer, G., 2014. Review of Post?CLERP 9 Australian Auditor Independence Research.Australian Accounting Review,24(4), pp.370-380. DeFond, M. and Zhang, J., 2014. A review of archival auditing research.Journal of Accounting and Economics,58(2), pp.275-326. Deumes, R., Schelleman, C., Vander Bauwhede, H. and Vanstraelen, A., 2012. Audit firm governance: Do transparency reports reveal audit quality?.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,31(4), pp.193-214. Galit, S.H. and Sorbe, T., Metabank, 2012.Computerized extension of credit to existing demand deposit accounts, prepaid cards and lines of credit based on expected tax refund proceeds, associated systems and computer program products. U.S. Patent 8,090,649. Han Fan, Y., Woodbine, G. and Cheng, W., 2013. A study of Australian and Chinese accountants attitudes towards independence issues and the impact on ethical judgements.Asian Review of Accounting,21(3), pp.205-222. Kachelmeier, S.J., Schmidt, J.J. and Valentine, K., 2016. The disclaimer effect of disclosing critical audit matters in the auditors report. Kuan, K.T.C., 2014.Auditor independence: an analysis of the adequacy of selected provisions in CLERP 9(Doctoral dissertation, Queensland University of Technology). Ojo, M., 2013. Audits, audit quality and signalling mechanisms: concentrated ownership structures. Ottaway, J., 2014. IMPROVING AUDITOR INDEPENDENCE IN AUSTRALIA: IS MANDATORY AUDIT FIRM ROTATIONTHE BEST OPTION?. RAHIMIAN, N., TAVAKOLNIA, E. and KARAMLOU, M., 2014. Qualified Audit Opinion and Debt Maturity Structure. Trung, N.K., 2015. Ethics Education In The University.International Journal of Scientific Technology Research,4(8), pp.5-10. Tsipouridou, M. and Spathis, C., 2014, March. Audit opinion and earnings management: Evidence from Greece. In Accounting Forum(Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 38-54). Elsevier.

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